ABSTRACT
The study examined the participation of women in transformation of agricultural development programme of Bauchi local government area of Bauchi state, Nigeria. Data were collected from 60 respondents in the study area using structured questionnaire.The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results shows that 61.7% of the respondents were female, 70% of the respondents were within the age range of (35-45) years and married (78.3%), and (30%) educated. The findings revealed that 50% of the respondent’s access credit through farmers co-operatives. Majority (93.3%) were often visited by extension agents on a weekly basis, received advisory services (75%) in the area of crop production. The regression results indicated R2 value of 0.974 implying that 97.4% of the participating farmers were influenced by the independent variable involved in the model. The major constraints of women participation in transformation of agricultural development programme in the study area were lack of subsidy by government, inadequate fertilizer, climate change and inadequate farm inputs. The study recommends provision of subsidy on inputs by government, adequate fertilizer and more farming inputs should be provided. There should be less complication in terms of obtaining loan; postharvest equipments should be adequately provided.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title……………………………………………………………………………………....... i
Declaration………………………………………………………………………………… ii
Certification……………………………………………………………………………….. iii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………… iv
Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………… v
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………. vi
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………. vii
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………… x
CHAPTER ONE…………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Background of the Study………………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Statement of Problem……………………………………………………………… 3
1.3 Justification of the Study…………………………………………………………... 5
1.4 Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………………. 5
CHAPTER TWO………………………………………………………………………… 6
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………………. 6
2.1 Concept of Agriculture……………………………………………………………. 7
2.2 Women Participation in Agriculture……………………………………………… 7
2.3 Agricultural Extension Service……………………………….…………………… 9
2.4 Women Access to Agricultural Extension Service…………………..……………. 9
2.5 Socio-economic Characteristics of Women Farmers…..…………………………. 10
2.6 Women`s Time Use……………………………………….………………………. 11
2.7 Factors Militating Against Women Participation in Agricultural Production…..... 11
2.7.1 Women contribution to agricultural labour force and its challenges……………… 12
2.7.2 Access to resources………………………………………………………………… 13
2.7.3 Access to land…………….……………………………………………………….. 13
2.7.4 Access to credit……………………………………………………………………. 14
2.7.5 Access to agricultural inputs……………………………………………………… 14
2.7.6 Access to education, training and extension services……………………………… 15
2.7.7 Access to decision making …………………………...………………………….. 16
2.7.8 Access to research and appropriate technology………………………………….. 16
2.7.9 Access to mobility and time……………………………………………….………. 16
2.8 Programmes Involving Women………………………………………………….. 17
2.8.1 Women groups and organization…………………………………………………. 17
2.8.2 N.G.O`s…………………………………………………………………………… 17
2.8.3 WIA……………………………………………………………………………… 17
2.9 Agricultural Technology………………………………………………………… 18
2.9.1 Definition………………………………………………………………………….. 18
2.9.2 Purpose……………………………………………………………………………. 18
2.9.3 Scope……………………………………………………………………………… 19
2.9.4 Educational and career links……………………………………………………… 20
2.9.5 Farming outcomes………………………………………………………………….. 20
CHAPTER THREE……………………………………………………………………… 22
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………… 22
3.1 The Study Area…………………………………………………………………… 22
3.2 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques..………………………………………….. 23
3.3 Data Collection……………………………………………………………………. 23
3.4 Tools of Analysis……………………………………………………………......... 23
CHAPTER FOUR………………………………………………………………………. 25
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………………. 25
4.1 Socio-economic Characteristic of Respondents……………………………………….. 25
4.1.1 Gender……………………………………………………………………………… 25
4.1.2 Age………………………………………………………………………………....... 25
4.1.3 Marital status……………………………………………………………………….. 25
4.1.4 Family size………………………………………………………………………… 29
4.1.5 Level of education…………………………………………………………………. 29
4.1.6 Participation in farmer`s organization………………………………………………. 29
4.1.7 Years of farming experience………………………………………………………… 33
4.1.8 Main occupation: Primary………………………………………………………….. 33
4.1.9 Main occupation: Secondary………………………………………………………. 33
4.2 Access to Production Resources……………………………………………………. 37
4.2.1 Whether a farmer owns a farm……………………………………………………...... 37
4.2.2 How many hectares…………………………………………………………………. 37
4.2.3 Access to land………………………………………………………………………. 37
4.2.4 Access to credit……………………………………………………………………… 41
4.2.5 Source of credit…………………………………………………………………….. ..41
4.2.6 If no, why?....................................................................................................................41
4.2.7 Extension agent visitation…………………………………………………………… 41
4.2.8 How often is the visitation……………………………………………………….. …46
4.2.9 Advisory Services…………………………………………………………………….46
4.3.1 Agricultural extension delivery………….……………………………………… 46
4.3.2 Area extension services was received…………………………………………… 50
4.3.3 How often was advice received…………….……………………………………… 50
4.3.4 Area influenced by extension message…………………………………………… 50
4.4 Farming Activities of the Respondents…………………………….……………… 54
4.4.1 Farming activities………………………………………….………………………… 54
4.5 Regression Analysis………………………………………………………………… 56
4.5.1 Regression analysis………………………………………………………………… 56
4.6 Constraints ……………………………………………………………………………58
CHAPTER FIVE……………………………………………………………………… 60
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS……………… 60
5.1 Summary………………………………………………………………………… 60
5.2 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………… 61
5.3 Recommendations……………………………………………………………… 61
References………………………………………………………………………… 62
Appendices……………………………………………………………………… 64
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
Table 1: Distribution of Respondents according to gender …………………………................26
Table 2: Distribution of Respondents according to age …………………………..................... 27
Table 3: Distribution of Respondents according to marital status ............................................. 28
Table 4: Distribution of Respondents according to family Size ................................................ 30
Table 5: Distribution of Respondents according to Level of education ……………………….31
Table 6: Distribution of Respondents according to participation in farmer’s organization....... 32
Table 7: Distribution of Respondents according to years of farming experience ..................... 34
Table 8: Distribution of Respondents according to main occupation primary .......................... 35
Table 9: Distribution of Respondents according to main occupation secondary ....................... 36
Table 10: Distribution of Respondents according to whether the farmers owns a farmland........38
Table 11: Distribution of Respondents according to how many hectares owned ........................ 39
Table 12: Distribution of Respondents according to Access to land ........................................... 40
Table 13: Distribution of Respondents according to credit ......................................................... 42
Table 14: Distribution of Respondents according to source of credit ......................................... 43
Table 15: Distribution of Respondents according to If no, why? ............................................... 44
Table 16: Distribution of Respondents according to extension agent’s visitation........................ 45
Table 17: Distribution of Respondents according to how often is the visitation. ....................... 47
Table 18: Distribution of Respondents according to advisory services………………………… 48
Table 19: Distribution of Respondents according to agricultural extension delivery ................ 49
Table 20: Distribution of Respondents according to which area extension services was received ……………………………………………………………………………....51
Table 21: Distribution of Respondents according to how often was the advice ........................ 52
Table 22: Distribution of Respondents according to products activity ……………………….. 53
Table 23: Distribution of Respondents according to farming activities………………………. 55
Table 24: Distribution of Respondents according to regression table ……………………….. 57
Table 25: Distribution of Respondents according to constraints ............................................... 59