ABSTRACT
In early times, we believed that we had an unlimited abundance of land and resources. Today, however, the resources in the world show in greater or lesser degree, our carelessness and negligence in using them. The problem associated with contaminated sites now assume increasing prominence in many countries. Contaminated lands generally result from past industrial activities. When awareness of the health and environmental effects connected with the production, use and disposal of hazardous substances were less well recognized than today then, environmental contamination is increasing day by day because of increase in population, industrialization and urbanization.
Bioremediation is the technology that uses microorganism metabolism to remove pollutant, it uses relatively low-cost, low-technology techniques which generally have a high public acceptance and can often be carried out on site. This technology includes; biostimulation (stimulation viable native microbial population), biosorption (dead Microbial biomass), bioaugmentation (artificial introduction of viable population), bioaccumulation (live cells), (plants) and rhizoremediation (plant and microbe interaction). The use of culture independent molecular techniques has definitely helped us to understand the microbial community dynamics, structure and assisted in providing the insight in to details of bioremediation which has surely facilitated to make the technology safer and reliable.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Table of Content ii
Abstract iii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Phytoremediation 3
1.2 Bioventing 4
1.3 Bioaugmentation 5
1.4 Bioreactors 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Types of Bioremediation 7
2.1 Bioaugmentation 7
2.2 Biostimulation 8
2.3 Intrinsic Bioremediation 9
2.4 Biosparging 9
2.5 Bioventing 10
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Principle of Bioremediation 11
3.1 Factors of Bioremediation 12
3.2 Existence of Microbial Population 13
3.3 Division of Microorganisms 13
3.4 Environmental Factors 15
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Developmental Methods Applied in Bioremediation 16
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion 18
5.1 Recommendation 19
References 20