TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1 .2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 The Purpose of the Study 4
1.4 Research Objectives 4
1.5 Research Questions 4
1 .6 Significance of the Study 5
1.7 Limitation of the Study 5
1.9 Basic Assumptions 5
1.11 Organization of the Study 6
CHAPTER TWO 7
LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Theoretical Revjew~ 7
2.3 Academic Performance 8
2.4 Family Background and Students’ academic performance 8
2.5 Family Financial Situation
2.6 Parental Marital Status 11
2.7 Parental Education Level 13
2.8 Family Size 14
Fig. 1. Conceptual Framework 16
CHAPTER THREE 17
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17
3.1 Introduction 17
3.2 Research Design 17
3.3 Target Population 17
iv
3.4 Sampling Procedures and Sample Size .18
3.5 Data Collection Instruments and Procedure 19
3.6 Reliability of the Instruments 19
3.7 Validity of the Instruments 19
3.8 Data Analysis Techniques 20
CHAPTER FOUR 21
DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION 21
4.1 Introduction 21
4.2 Respondents return rate 21
4.3.1 Demographic information 22
4.3.2 Gender 22
4.3.3 Category of school attended 22
4.4.1 Academic performance 23
4.4.2 Improvement of school in UCE 23
4.4.3 Academic performance of students in the past term 24
4.4.4 Cross-tabulation of improvement of school and category of respondents 25
4.4.5 Trend of performance of child in the past 2 years 25
4.4.6 Cross tabulation of trend of student’s performance and category of respondents 26
4.5.1 Parents marital status and academic performance 27
4.5.2 Parents marital status 27
4.5.3 Type of family 28
4.5.4 Effect of family structure on academic performance 29
4.5.5 Relationship between marital status and academic performance of students 29
4.6.1 Family financial situation and academic performance 30
4.6.2 Family’s main source of income 30
4.6.3 Trend of monthly income 31
4.6.4 Children’s school fees financing 32
4.7.1 Parents’ education level and academic performance of students 32
4.7.2 Mother’s level of education 33
4.7.3 Fathers education level 33
4.7.4 Effect of parents education level on academic performance 34
4.8.1 Family size and students’ academic performance 35
V
4.8.2 Number of children in the family ~
4.8.3 Effect of number of children on academic performance 36
4.8.4 Effect of birth position on students’ academic performance 36
CHAPTER FIVE 38
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 38
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 38
5.1 Introduction of the summary 38
5.2 Summary of the findings 38
5.2.1 Relationship between Parental marital status and academic performance 38
5.2.2 Relationship between family financial status and academic performance of 39
Students 39
5.2.3 Relationship between parents’ education level and academic performance of students 40
5.2.4 Relationship between family size and academic performance of students 40
5.3 Discussion of findings 41
5.3.1 Parental Marital Status 41
5.3.2 Parental Education Level 41
5.3.3 Family Financial Status 42
5.3.4 Family Size 42
5.4 Conclusion 42
5.5 Recommendations 43
5.6 Recommendations for further studies 43
REFERENCES 44
APPENDICES 45
APPENDIX I~ 45
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PARENTS 45
APPENDIX II 52
INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR STUDENTS 52
vi