ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine effects of corporal punishment
on pupils in the selected schools of Kirinyaga district Kenya. Specific
objectives of the study were to: Identify the Causes of corporal punishment Determine
the Psychological Effects of corporal punishment, Investigate the Social
consequences of corporal punishment, determine the Physical effects of
corporal punishment, determine how Corporal punishment leads to School
Drop Out and determine the effects of corporal punishment on Classroom
Discipline and Instruction. The methods used for data collection were
interviews with teachers and questionnaires were distributed to pupils.
Observation was also be done on the state of the children and focus group
discussions were held with the community members in languages that
they understood. The findings revealed that the most cause of corporal punishment was
poverty that is 94.4%, followed by drug abuse 90.3%, 88.9 of the
respondents also mentioned child labor. 48.6% of the respondents strongly
agreed that corporal punishment leads to depression. The study also
established by 59% that corporal punishment leads to violence. 45.9% of
the respondents strongly agreed that corporal punishment leads to
injuries. The study also established by 35% respondents that corporal
punishment leads to school drop out and finally 3 7. 8% of the respondents
strongly agreed that Corporal punishment leads to further indiscipline. The
study recommended that: The community should be sensitized and
educated on the effects of corporal punishment on children and also
change their attitudes towards it and also teach them how to punish their
children positively. Teachers, parents and the community should adopt the
use of positive reinforcement. Use of positive reinforcement techniques
reduces the frequency and extent of student misbehavior. Guidance and
counseling should be availed in schools to help children who are
emotionally disturbed whish results into misbehavior.
TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARA.TION ........................................................................... i
APPROVAL ................................................................................ ii
DEDICATION ............................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................ iv
Definition of terms ................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................ vi
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................... b!
LIST OF BAR CHARTS ............................................................... x
ABSTRACT ............................................................................... xi
CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
1.1 Background to the study ........................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the problem ........................................................... 2
1.3 Objectives of the study ............................................................... 3
1.4 Research Questions ................................................................... 3
1.5 Scope of the study ..................................................................... 4
1.6 Significance of the study ............................................................ 4
CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................... 5
LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................... 5
Introduction .................................................................................... 5
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. ........................................................ 10
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................... 11
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................... 11
3.0. Introduction ........................................................................... 11
3 .1. Research Design ..................................................................... 11
3.2. Organization of the study ........................................................ 11
3.2.1. Study area ........................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Study population .................................................................. 11
3.2.3. Sample size ......................................................................... 11
3.2.4. Sampling technique ............................................................. 12
3.3. Data collection ........................................................................ 12
3.3.1. Sources of data .................................................................... 12
3.3.2 Reliability of instruments ...................................................... 12
3.4. Data collection procedure ....................................................... 12
3.5. Data analysis .......................................................................... 13
CHAPTER FOUR ...................................................................... 14
DATA PRESENTATION ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS AND
INTERPRETATION ................................................................... 14
4.0 Introduction ............................................................................ 14
4.1. Profile of the respondents ....................................................... 14
4.2. Causes of corporal punishment .............................................. 15
4.3. Psychological Consequences of Corporal Punishment .............. 18
4.4. Social consequences of corporal punishment .......................... 23
4.5. Physical effects of corporal punishment .................................. 27
4.6. Corporal punishment leads and School Drop Out ................... 31
4.7.Corporal punishment on Classroom Discipline and Instruction 34
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 37
5.0. Introduction ........................................................................... 37
5.1.Summary of findings and Discussions .................................... 37
5.2. Conclusion ............................................................................. 39
5.3. Recommendations .................................................................. 40
Suggestions for further research .................................................... 40
References ..................................................................................... 41
APPENDICES ........................................................................... 43
APPENDIX I: TRANSMIT AL LETTER ........................................ 43
Appendix II: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PUPILS ............•................ 44
Appendix III: Interview guide for teachers and focus group
discussion for the community members ................•.............•.•• 46
Appendix IV: MAP OF THE RESEARCH AREA .........•••.............. 48