TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ••.••••••••.•..•.•.•........•..•.....•.........................•..........•.....•••..••...••••.•.•••••••••••••• II
DEDICATION ..•••.•••••••••....••.••..•...•....•.••.••.•..••..•..................•...•.••••••••.•••••.••••••••••.•••.•••.••... 111
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................................... IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT •.••••••.•••.••..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••....••••••......•.......................•••••.••••• V
TABLE OF CONTENTS ••.•..•.••••.••••••••••.•..•......•.........................................•....•.•••••••••.•. VI
LIST OF TABLES ••...•••••••.••••••••••••••••••••.•••••..•.•......•.•.....•••••••••••••••••••..••••.• IX
LIST OF FIGURES ••••...••••••.••••••....•••••••••••••••••••••..••.•......•••••••••••••••••••..•••.•.. X
ABSTRACT .••.•••••••••••••••••.••.••..•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•.••...••.••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••...•..•.. XI
CHAPTER ONE .•..•..•.••......•.•..•..•••..........•.•••••••••..••...••..••....•...••..••••••••••••••••............•...••...•. l
l.OINTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION .............................................................................. !
l.2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .............................................................................. 1
1.3THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ................................................................................. 2
1.40BJECTIVES OF THE STUDY .................................................................................... 2
1.5THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS .................................................................................... 2
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................... 2
1. 7SCOPE OF THE STUDY. .............................................................................................. 3
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ................................................................................. 3
1.9 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS .................................. .4
CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................ 5
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................. 5
2.1 AN OVERVIEW OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT ......................................................... 5
2.2 CAUSES OF HEARING LOSS ..................................................................................... S
2.2.1 Illness or Disease .................................................................................................. 5
2.2. J .I Maternal rubella .............................................................................................. 5
2.2.1.2 Childhood diseases .......................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.3Meningitis ........................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1.4 Autoimmune disease ....................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.5 Mumps ............................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1.6 Presbyacusis .................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.7 Adenoids ......................................................................................................... ?
2.2.1.8AIDS ............................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1.9IDV ................................................................................................................. 7
2.2.1.1 0 Chlamydia ..................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1.11 Fetal alcohol syndrome .................................................................................. 7
2.2.1.12 premature birth .............................................................................................. 7
2.2.1.13 Syphilis ......................................................................................................... ?
2.2.1.14 Otosclerosis ................................................................................................... ?
2.2.2 Medications ........................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Physical trauma ...................................................................................................... 8
2.3TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT ......................................................................... 8
Vl
2.3 .1 Sensorineural hearing impairment .......................................................................... 8
2.3 .2 Conductive hearing impairmen ............................................................................. 9
2.3.3 Mixed hearing impairment ..................................................................................... 9
2.3.3.1 Pre-lingual hearing impairment ....................................................................... 9
2.3.3.2 Post-lingual hearing impairment ...................................................................... 9
2.4 DEGREES OF HEARING LOSS AND EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ............... 10
2.5 INDICATORS OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT ........................................................... 10
2.6 EFFECTS OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE. ............ 11
2.6.1 Effects of hearing loss on development.. .............................................................. 11
2.6.2 Specific Effects .................................................................................................... 12
2.6.2.1 Vocabulary .................................................................................................... 12
2.6.2.2Sentence Structure .......................................................................................... 12
2.6.2.3 Speaking ....................................................................................................... 12
2.6.2.4Academic Achievement ................................................................................. 13
2.6.2.5Social Functioning ......................................................................................... 13
2.6.2.6 Social effects ................................................................................................. 13
2.6.2.7 Common psychological consequences ........................................................... 13
2.8.1 General Classroom Strategies ............................................................................... 15
2. 8.2 Medical Strategies ................................................................................................ 17
2.9.1. PUBLIC EDUCATION AWARENESS .............................................................. 18
2.9.2 TEACHER EDUCATION ................................................................................... 18
2.9.3 MEDIATING THE ENVIRONMENT TO ACCOMMODATE LEARNERS WITH
HEARING IMPAIRMENT .......................................................................................... 18
2.9.4CURRICULUM MODIFICATION ...................................................................... 19
CHAPTER THREE •...•............•..•.......•...•.••.•••..••.••••••••••••••••••.••................•...•...•.••..•••••.•••. 20
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 20
3.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 20
3.2 RESEARCH APPROACH .......................................................................................... 20
3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................................................................ 20
3.4 POPULATION ........................................................................................................... 20
3.5 SAMPLE .................................................................................................................... 20
3.6 SAMPLING PROCEDURE ........................................................................................ 21
3.7RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................ 21
CHAPTER FOUR .••.....•...•...•••..•..••••..•..••...........••••••••••••..•.•.•..•...••••..•••..•.......•.•.•••.........•. 22
4.0 PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS .............................................................. 22
4.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 22
4.2 DATA PRESENTATION ........................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER FIVE ••••••...............•.•••••.•.•.......•.••••.•••........••••••••.......••.•.•••..........••••••••.....••••..• 33
5.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 33
5.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 33
5.2 KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF HEARING IMPAIRMENTS ............. 33
5.3 INDICATORS AND PREVENTION OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT ......................... 34
5.4. EDUCATION PROVISION FOR LERANERS WITH HEARING IMP AIRMENT .... 35
5.5 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................ 37
5.5.1 Mediating the environment .................................................................................. 37
5.5.2 Educational resources .......................................................................................... 37
5.5.3 Audit01y training ................................................................................................. 38