TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION...........................................................................................................i
CERTIFICATION........................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Studies carried out globally.........................................................................1
1.1.2 Studies carried out in Uganda.....................................................................2
1.2 Problem statement...........................................................................................4
1.3 Significance of the project ................................................................................4
1.4 Project objective ..............................................................................................4
1.4.1 Specific objectives .....................................................................................5
1.5 Scope of the project.........................................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................6
2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................6
2.2 Impacts of Sedimentation in Reservoirs.............................................................7
2.3 Causes of Reservoir Sedimentation ...................................................................9
2.4 Impact of Change of Land Use on Erosion and Reservoir Sedimentation............10
2.5 Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources................................................12
2.6 Techniques of Sediment Removal from Reservoirs ...........................................13
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2.7 Determination of Sediment Accumulation in Small Reservoirs ...........................15
2.8 Development of Dams in Uganda....................................................................17
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................19
3.1 Data used......................................................................................................19
3.1.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Data...........................................................19
3.1.2 Satellite Data...........................................................................................19
3.1.3 Field Data................................................................................................19
3.2 Delineating the watershed in which Kiira Dam belongs .....................................20
3.3 Analysis of Satellite Imageries.........................................................................20
3.4 Digital Image Processing for Delineation of Water and Land Boundary ..............20
3.4.1 Water Index (WI) Method ........................................................................20
3.5 Corrections in Vector Contours and Masks .......................................................21
3.6 Estimation of Cumulative Capacity ..................................................................22
3.7 Validation of the remote sensing data by ground trothing.................................22
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...........................................................23
4.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Data.................................................................23
4.1.1 Watershed in which Kiira Dam belongs......................................................23
4.2 Satellite Data .................................................................................................24
4.3 Delineated Water and Land Boundary .............................................................25
4.4 Estimation of Cumulative Capacity ..................................................................27
4.5 Validation of the remote sensing data .............................................................29
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................32
5.1 Conclusions ...................................................................................................32
5.2 Challenges.....................................................................................................32
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5.3 Recommendations .........................................................................................32
REFFERENCES ........................................................................................................33
ABSTRACT The Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS) method for assessment of reservoir sedimentation uses the fact that the water spread area of reservoir at reservoir boundaries keeps on increasing due to sedimentation. Remote Sensing technique gives directly the water spread area of the reservoir at a particular elevation on the date of pass of the satellite. This helps to estimate sedimentation over a period of time. This research project describes assessment of sedimentation carried out for the Kiira Reservoir using Remote Sensing satellite imageries. The area capacity curve of year the 2001, is used as a base for sedimentation assessment for the year 2010. The results of Remote Sensing survey for the period 2001 to 2010 are compared with the deposition pattern of Kiira Reservoir with the standard types of deposition pattern as per Area Reduction Method suggested by Borland and Miller. As per recent Remote Sensing survey of 2006 and 2010, it was observed that the original water spread area had increased to 4.82km2and 4.96km2 respectively i.e. by approximately 3.549% in 9 years. Thus, there is a gradual reduction in the capacity of Kiira reservoir. The validation process which involved collecting field data and incorporated with the remote sensing data gave an evidence of sedimentation in Kiira dam at the sample point locations as indicated the preceding chapters.