ABSTRACT
The methanol extract of Ocimum basilicum (Scent leaf) was greenish in colour and increases in concentration through evaporation process which turns the extract to thick and dark green colouration. The percentage parasitaemia growth increases consecutively for seven (7) days with 7th day result having the highest parasite growth of 18.73%. The antimalarial activity of methanol extract of Ocimum basilicum conducted at six (6) different concentration (µg/ml) value shows that the highest % mean inhibition value of 58.81 was achieved at concentration of 200 µg/ml. The inhibition concentration (IC50) value was found to be 110µg/ml determined through linear interpolation from the inhibition curve with regards to the concentration. The mean inhibition for schizont maturation increases with increase in concentration of the extract relative to control. Therefore methanol extract of Ocimum basilicum exhibits a moderate antimalarial activity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Introduction1
1.1Malaria (Background)1
1.2Malaria Parasites3
1.3Plasmodium falciparum 4
1.4Ocimum basilicum 5
1.5Justification6
1.6Aim and Objectives6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review7
2.1 Malaria7
2.1.1Cause8
2.1.2Life cycle of malaria parasite8
2.1.3Complications9
2.1.4Diagnosis9
2.1.5Treatment9
2.1.6Prevention 10
2.2 Plasmodium falciparum11
2.2.1Pathogenesis12
2.2.2Microscopic appearance 13
2.3 Ocimum basilicum14
2.3.1Etymology15
2.3.2Nomenclature and taxonomy15
2.3.3List of basil cultivars16
2.3.4Basil fresh17
2.3.5Basil as cooked recipe18
2.3.6Folk use19
2.3.7Chemical components 19
2.3.8Activities of Ocimum basilicum20
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Materials and methods22
3.1Collection of plant materials22
3.2Identification 22
3.3Extraction 23
3.4Antimalarial assay, patient selection 23
3.5Preparation of culture media24
3.5.1Washing medium (incomplete medium)24
3.5.2Serum preparation 24
3.5.3Complete medium 25
3.5.4Preparation of erythrocytes for culture25
3.5.5Initiation of culture 25
3.5.6Monitoring culture growth26
3.6Smear preparation 26
3.7Sub-culturing (passaging)27
3.7.1Synchronization of P. falciparum28
3.8Bio-guided antimalaria assay fractionation28
3.9Estimation of the plant’s extract activity29
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Presentation of results30
4.1Result summary33
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1Discussion34
5.2Conclusion35
5.3Recommendation35
Reference 36
Appendix40