Contents
Abstract.......................................................................................................................... i
COPYRIGHT................................................................................................................ ii
AUTHORISATION.....................................................................................................iii
Declaration................................................................................................................... iv
Approval ....................................................................................................................... v
Dedication.................................................................................................................... vi
Acknownlegement ...................................................................................................... vii
Abbreviations.............................................................................................................viii
Definition of terms....................................................................................................... ix
Contents........................................................................................................................ x
List of figures.............................................................................................................. xv
List of tables............................................................................................................... xvi
CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................... 1
1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background Information......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem........................................................................................ 4
1.3 Justification............................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Study Objective....................................................................................................... 6
1.4.1 General Objective ................................................................................................ 6
xi
1.5 Research Questions................................................................................................. 6
CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................... 7
Literature Review.......................................................................................................... 7
2.0 Introduction............................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Knowledge about Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.......................................................... 7
2.1.2 Causes of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ................................................................... 9
2.1.3 Preventive measures........................................................................................... 10
2.1.4 Diagnosis............................................................................................................ 10
2.1.5 Treatment ........................................................................................................... 11
2.1.6 Recurrence of VVC............................................................................................ 12
2.1.7 Alternative medicine.......................................................................................... 12
2.2 Practices contributing to VVC.............................................................................. 13
2.2.1 Antibiotic use..................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Increased estrogen levels. .................................................................................. 14
2.2.3 Impaired immune system................................................................................... 14
2.2.4 Sexual activity.................................................................................................... 15
2.2.5 Local factors....................................................................................................... 15
CHARPTER THREE.................................................................................................. 15
METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 15
3.0 Introduction........................................................................................................... 15
xii
3.1 Study Area and rational ........................................................................................ 16
3.2 Population ............................................................................................................. 16
3.3 Study Design and rational..................................................................................... 17
3.4 Sample size estimation.......................................................................................... 17
3.5 Sampling method .................................................................................................. 18
3.6. Inclusion criteria .................................................................................................. 18
3.7 Exclusion criteria .................................................................................................. 18
3.8 Data collection procedures.................................................................................... 18
3.9 Data Analysis and presentation............................................................................. 19
3.10 Quality Control and management of data ........................................................... 19
3.12 Limitations of the study ...................................................................................... 20
3.13 Ethical Consideration.......................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................... 22
DATA PRESENTATION........................................................................................... 22
4.0 Introduction........................................................................................................... 22
4.1 Social demographic characteristics....................................................................... 22
4.2 The level of awareness about Vulvovaginal candidiasis among girls at Katunguru
seed secondary school................................................................................................. 24
CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................ 35
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 35
5.0 Introduction........................................................................................................... 35
xiii
5.1 Discussion of study findings................................................................................. 35
5.1.1 Social – demographic characteristics of girls at Katunguru seed secondary
school .......................................................................................................................... 35
5.1.2The level of awareness about Vulvovaginal candidiasis among girls at
Katunguru seed secondary school............................................................................... 36
5.1.3 Practices contributing to Vulvovaginal candidiasis among girls at Katunguru
seed secondary school in Rubirizi district .................................................................. 38
5.2 Conclusions........................................................................................................... 39
5.3 Recommendations................................................................................................. 40
5.4 Recommendations for further research................................................................. 41
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 42
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................ 46
APPENDIX I: WORRK PLAN FOR THE STUDY.................................................. 46
APPENDIX II: TIME TABLE ................................................................................... 47
APPENDIX III: INFORMED CONSENT FORM..................................................... 48