The use of and reliance on information systems for business has been on the rise especially in recent years. This has had a serious impact on the security of business information. Previous studies have identified two areas that must be considered when creating a secure information system: technology and human compliance to policies. Many researchers have stated that technology vulnerabilities are a key source of weakness and data loss in many information systems in organizations. Additionally, studies have shown that inappropriate user behavior and staff nonconformity to organizational information systems security policies may lead to data breaches; these factors are therefore major concerns in many organizations.
The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the technology and human related factors that may contribute to information security breaches as far as confidentiality of examination materials in selected Kenyan universities is concerned. This was motivated by the need to safeguard examination confidentiality. Specifically, the study aimed to examine the influence of technological factors on examination information security management, investigate the influence of individual factors on examination information security management and explore the influence of organizational factors on examination information security management.