TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGES
Title page-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
Certification--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
Dedication---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Acknowledgement----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv
Table of contents---------------------------------------------------------------------------------v
List of figures---------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------viii
List of appendix---------------------------------------------------------------------------------ix
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study----------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 Statement of problem --------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.3 Aims and Objectives----------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.4 Scope of the study--------------------------------------------------- --------------------3
1.5 Significance of Study---------------------------------------- --- ------------------------3
1.6 Methodology-------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Review Work----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.1 Public Transport Ticketing-------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.2 Ticketing and Fare Management------------------------------------------------------------6
2.3 Trends in Ticketing---------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
2.4 Electronic ticketing in public transport---------------------------------------------------------9
2.4.1 Scope of Electronic ticketing systems----------------------------------------------------------10
2.5 Existing Technologies for Ticketing System--------------------------------------------------12
2.5.1 Smart Card Technology Based Ticketing Systems-------------------------------------------12
2.5.2 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) Technology Based Ticketing System------------12
2.5.2.1Operation of the RFID Based Ticketing System----------------------------------------------13
2.5.3 Near Field Communication (NFC) Based Mobile Ticketing--------------------------------14
2.5.3.1NFC and Ticketing--------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.6 Ticketing Processes-------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.6.1 Registration----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.6.2 Provisioning----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.6.3 Validation--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.7 Non-ticketing Applications----------------------------------------------------------------------18
CHAPTER THREE: MODEL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Design methodology------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.2 Methods of data collection-----------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.2.1 Oral interview-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
3.2.2 Study of existing system------------------------------------------------------------------------21
3.2.3 Evaluation of process forms--------------------------------------------------------------------22
3.3 Techniques and tools of systems analysis and design---------------------------------------22
3.4 Functional model requirement------------------------------------------------------------------23
3.4.1 Use-case diagrams graphically depict system behavior (use cases) ----------------------23
3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
3.4.3 Object relational mapping/Class diagram-----------------------------------------------------28
3.5 Architecture Design of a Mobile Ticketing System-----------------------------------------29
3.6 Other nonfunctional requirements--------------------------------------------------------------30
3.6.1 Performance requirements-----------------------------------------------------------------------30
3.6.2 Safety requirements------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
3.6.3 Security requirements----------------------------------------------------------------------------30
CHAPTER FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Implementation------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
4.2 Choice of development tools------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
4.2.1 Hardware Specification--------------------------------------------------------------------------31
4.2.2 Software requirement----------------------------------------------------------------------------32
4.3 Testing----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
4.4 Maintenance---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
4.5 Result----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
5.2 Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
5.3 Recommendations-------------------------------------------------------------------------------43
REFERENCES------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
APPENDICES--------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------46
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES
Figure 2.1: Public transport ticketing with NFC phone------------------------------------------19
Figure 3.1: UML Use Case Activity for a Admin End User---------------------------------- --24
Figure 3.2: UML Use Case Activity for Customer Activity------------------------------------ 25
Figure 3.3: Data Flow Diagram Activity---------------------------------------------------------27
Figure 3.4: ORM For Mobile Ticketing System-------------------------------------------------28
Figure 3.5: Architectural Design for a Mobile Ticket System----------------------------------29
Figure 4.1:Welcome page and Administrator Access Authentication------------------------ -33
Figure 4.2: Mobile Ticketing System for Customer and Administrator Module page------ --34
Figure 4.3: Viewing Boarding Pass Card by Ticket No--------------------------------------- - 35
Figure 4.4: Trip Schedule Chart Setup -------------------------------------------------------- --36
Figure 4.5: Detail Trip Chart View for mobile ticket system------------------------------------ -37
Figure 4.6: Journey Route Chart View and Setup----------------------------- -----------------38
Figure 4.7: Mobile Ticket Order Processing and Payment Authentication---------------------39
Figure 4.8: Mobile Ticket Account Credit Top up and payment Authentication--------------40
Figure 4.9: Customer account registration------------------------------------------------------ -41
Figure 4.10: Customers Information detail View------------------------------------------------42
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, people book or buy tickets online, but they still have to take their ticket number to the appointed booking desk for payments and to obtain paper tickets. Sometimes these paper tickets may be falsified, reproduced, torn or even lost. When one wants to make a purchase of a ticket he/she may need queue to have the ticket purchased at the ticket booking desk. The time wastage at the train stations to ensure customer's ticket purchase and validation can cause cancellation of business appointment and rushing from passengers, this can leads to accident, loss of lives and property.
Mobile ticketing system for public transportation can be deployed to enhance the service of the public railway transport system. The design and implementation of a mobile ticketing system for public railway transportation is a solution recommended to eliminate delay, frustration, loss of lives and property and poor services rendered to passengers.