ABSTRACT
The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of six Gram negative pathogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella and Enterococcus was evaluated. The test organisms were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using the Kirby Bauer method. A multi-disc containing eight (8) antibiotics; Ceftrazidime (30ug), Cefuroxime (30ug), Gentamicin (10ug), Ceftriaxone (30ug), Ofloxacin (5ug), Ciprofloxacin (5ug), Augmentin (30ug), Nitrofurantoin (300ug), was used. The result showed all (100%) the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin while all (100%) were resistant to Augmentin. 5(83.3%) of the test organisms were resistant to Nitrofurantoin and Ceftriaxone. Apart from Shigella spp which was resistant to only one antibiotic (12.5%), all the others recorded resistance to two or more antibiotics. The result showed that the test organisms are multidrug resistant hence, might have chemical consequences since the organisms are also Zoonoses.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.2Aim/Objectives
1.3Scope of Antimicrobial Susceptibility
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1Potential Bacterial Contaminants associated with Abattoir Wastewater
2.1.2Escherichia coli:
2.1.3Salmonella:
2.1.4Shigella:
2.1.6Enterobacter:
2.1.7Serratia:
2.1.8Pseudomonas:
2.2Antibiotic Resistance
2.3Definition of ESBL’s (Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase)
2.4Resistance toβ-Lactams
2.5Antimicrobial Susceptibility
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1Study Area
3.2Sample Collection
3.3Sterilization of Materials
3.4Preparation of Culture Media
3.5Identification and Confirmation of Isolates
3.5.1Gram Staining
3.5.2 Motility Test
3.5.3Biochemical Tests
3.5.4Catalase Test
3.5.5Oxidase Test
3.5.6Urease Test
3.5.7Indole Test
3.5.8Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer Test
3.5.9Citrate Utilization Test
3.5.10Sugar Fermentation Tests
3.6Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
3.7 Measurement of Zone of Inhibition
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
5.1Discussion
5.2Conclusion
5.3Contribution to Knowledge
5.4 Recommendation
5.5 Suggestion for Further Studies
REFERENCES