ABSTRACT
The present paper describes the synthesis of Acid Orange(7)dye which can be used as dyes for cellulose acetate biopolymer. They were obtained by the diazotization of a monoazo component of the mono-azobenzene type, followed by coupling. The monoazo components were obtained by the diazotization of sulphanilic acid and coupling with 2-naphthol. The synthesized dye was later analyzed by GC-MS, IR and UV-Vis spectrometry. The dyeing performance of the dye was evaluated on cellulose acetate biopolymer and their solubility, exhaustion, and affinity properties were studied.
Keywords: acid monoazo dyes, cellulose acetate, UV-Vis spectroscopy, IR, solubility, exhaustion and affinity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
List of figures v
List of tables vi
List of appendices vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 History of Dyes 2
1.2 Natural Dyes and Synthetic Dyes 2-4
1.3 Sources of Natural Dyes 4-5
1.4 Toxicity of Natural Dyes 5
1.5 Advantages and Limitation of Natural Dyes 5-6
1.6 Toxicity of Synthetic Dyes 6
1.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Synthetic Dyes 7
1.8 Application of dyes in Printing 7
1.8.1 Application of dyes in Painting 7-8
1.8.2 Application of dyes in pharmacy/Medicine 8
1.8.3 Application of dyes on Foods 9
1.8.4 Application of dyes on Cosmetics 9-10
1.9 Literature review on dyes 10-11
1.9.1 Merits of Acid Orange 7 dyes 11
1.9.2 Demerits of Acid Orange 7 dyes 11
1.9.3 Aim and Objectives of the experiment. 12
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Materials and methods 13
2.1 Reagents and Apparatus used for the experiment 13
2.2 Diazotization 13
2.3 Coupling reaction 13
2.4 Purification process 13
2.5 Reaction mechanism 14
2.6 Spectroscopic Analysis 15
2.7 Dye Application 16-17
2.8 Dye Affinity 17
2.9 Enthalpy and Entropy of Dyeing 17-18
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Discussion of results 19
3.1 UV Interpretation 19-20
3.2 GC-MS Interpretation 20
3.3 Solubility Result 20-24
3.4 Conclusion 24-25
3.5 Recommendation 25
REFERENCES. 26-29
APPENDICES 30-32