TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION: ................................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................................ ii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... v
CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. I
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... !
!.!.Background to the study ................................................................................................ I
1.2 Statement of the problem .............................................................................................. 2
1.3 Objective of the study ................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 General objective ....................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Specific objectives ..................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Research questions ........................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Scope of the study ......................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Significance of the study ............................................................................................... 3
1.7 Limitations of the study ................................................................................................ 3
CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................ 4
2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................................................... 4
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Learning aids ................................................................................................................. 4
2.4 Effects of learning aids on learning .............................................................................. 7
2.5 Teaching and Learning Methods ................................................................................... 9
2.6 Evidence on the impact of teaching aids on pupil academic performance ................. II
2.7 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................... l4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 14
3.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. l4
3.1 Research design ........................................................................................................... l4
3.2 Population of study ..................................................................................................... 14
3.3 Sampling techniques ................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Scope of the study ....................................................................................................... 14
3.5 Research instruments .................................................................................................. 15
3.6 Data analysis and interpretation .................................................................................. 15
3. 7 Research procedure ..................................................................................................... 1 5
CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................. l6
DATA PRESENTATION, DISCUSSION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETIVE
FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................ 16
4.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 16
4.1 Background information ............................................................................................. 16
4.1.1 Response rate ........................................................................................................... 16
4.1.2 Frequency of response .............................................................................................. 16
4.1.3 Teachers bio-data ..................................................................................................... 17
Table 3 showing distributions of staff by age ................................................................... 17
4.1.4 Gender of teachers .................................................................................................... 17
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4 .1.5 Teachers experience ................................................................................................. 18
4 .2. 0 Learners b io-data ...................................................................................................... 18
4.2 .I Category ................................................................................................................... 18
4 .2.3 Gender of I earners .................................................................................................... 19
4.2 .4 Age of Respondents ................................................................................................. 19
4.2. 5 Quality of teaching learning aids ............................................................................. 20
4.3 The impact of teaching learning aids on academic performance ................................ 20
Whether learning aid had impact on the learning environment ........................................ 21
4.2 Whether learning aid was affecting academic performance of pupils ........................ 22
4.3 Whether other factors had impact on the pupils performance .................................... 22
CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................ , .............................................. 23
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................. 23
5.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 23
5.2 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 25
5.3 Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 25
5 .4 Areas of further research ............................................................................................. 26
References ......................................................................................................................... 27
Appendix i ......................................................................................................................... 29
Questionnaire on impact of teaching aids on academic perfomance ................................ 29
Appendix i i ........................................................................................................................ 3 I
Interview guide for school management ........................................................................... 31
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background to the study Education is a fundamental human right as well as a catalyst for economic growth and human development (World Bank, 1993).Academic economists and international development agencies claim that an educated population is essential for economic growth and, more generally, for a higher quality of life (Lucas, 1988; Barro, 1991; Mankiw, Romer and Wei!, 1992; UNDP, 2003; World Bank, 2000). One of the eight Millennium Development Goals is that by 2015 all children in developing countries should finish primary school. Yet developing country students who finish primary school often perform poorly on academic tests (Glewwe and Kremer, 2005), and the value of a "low quality" education may be low. This raises the question: What can developing countries do to promote learning in their schools? 1.1.1 Historical background In the 1970's learning teaching aids were the concerns for trained teachers all over the world. Learning and teaching is the concern of the trained teacher. But learning is a complex process. Jt can however be defined as a change in disposition; a relatively permanent change in behaviour overtime and this is brought about by experience. Learning can occur as a result of newly acquired skill, knowledge, perception, facts, principles or new information at hand. Adeyanju (1997).Learning can be reinforced with learning aids of different variety because they stimulate, motivate as well as arrest Ieamer's attention for a while during the instructional process.