TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... i
Approval ......................................................................................................................................... i i
Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgement. ......................................................................................................................... i v
List of Acronyms/ Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... v
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ ix
Abstract. .......................................................................................................................................... x
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... I
1.1 Background of the problem ........................................................................................................ I
1.2 Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Objectives of the study ............................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Research questions .................................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Significance of the study ............................................................................................................ 9
1.6 Scope of the study ...................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................... 10
LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 10
2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. I 0
CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 28
METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 28
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ......................................... 28
3.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 28
3 .I Conceptual Framework. ........................................................................................................... 28
3.2 Types of information relevant to violation of Human Rights .................................................... 29
3 .2.1 Information from Physical Evidence; .................................................................................... 30
3.2.2 Information from people, victims and suspects ...................................................................... 30
3.2.3 Eye witness and identification ............................................................................................... 32
3.3 Demographic Characteristics (Profiles) of Respondents ........................................................... 33
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3.3.1 Gender Categories ofRespondents ........................................................................................ 33
3.3.2 Age Categories of the Respondents ....................................................................................... 34
3.3.3 Working Experience of the Respondents ............................................................................... 34
3.4 Human Rights violation profile of the area of study .................................................................. 35
3.5 Research Designs ..................................................................................................................... 36
3.6 Research Population ................................................................................................................ 36
3.7 Sample Size ............................................................................................................................. 36
3.8 Sampling Procedure!fechniques .............................................................................................. 3 7
3.9 Study Instruments!fools of Data Collection ............................................................................. 37
3.9.1 Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................ 37
3.9.2 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 37
3.9.3 Observation .......................................................................................................................... 38
3.10 Data Control and Measurement. ............................................................................................. 38
3.11 Data Processing and Analysis ................................................................................................ 38
3.12 Ethical considerations ............................................................................................................ 38
3.13 Study Limitations .................................................................................................................. 38
CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 40
STRUCTURE AND PRACTICES: THE UGANDA POLICE FORCE .................................... 40
4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 40
4.1 Structure and organization of the police force .......................................................................... 42
4.2 Training and joining of the police force .................................................................................... 44
4.3 Accountability ......................................................................................................................... 44
4.4 Functions of the police ............................................................................................................. 45
4.5 Arrests ..................................................................................................................................... 46
4.6 Operational practices ofpolice ................................................................................................. 48
4.7 Judgment of social value .......................................................................................................... 48
4.8 Rapid police decision making .................................................................................................. 49
4.9 Police discretion ...................................................................................................................... 49
4.10 Circumstances under which police use unlawful force ............................................................ 50
4.10.1 The use of fire arms ............................................................................................................ 50
4.10.2 Search and seizure .............................................................................................................. 55
4.10.3 Police in interrogations and confessions during detention .................................................... 56
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4.11 Factors contributing to impunity ............................................................................................ 58
4.12 The major role of the police in investigations of such offences ............................................... 59
4.13 Lack of information on human rights abuse by police officers ................................................ 60
4.14 Not so democratic a police force ............................................................................................ 61
4.15 The effect of a compromised judiciary ................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................... 63
CONCLUSION, CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................ 63
5.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 63
5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 63
5.2 Challenges of Ensuring the Observation of Human Rights in Kampala district. ........................ 65
5.2.3 Lack of adequate logistical, technical and financial resources: ............................................... 65
5.3 Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 66
5.3.1 Massive sensitization ............................................................................................................ 66
5.3.2 Availability of adequate funding ........................................................................................... 66
5.3.4 Poor remuneration ................................................................................................................ 67
5.3.5 Review oflaws relating to the Human Rights violations ........................................................ 68
5.4 Further Research ...................................................................................................................... 68
REFERENCES; ........................................................................................................................... 69
Statutes; ........................................................................................................................................ 70
Web sources; ................................................................................................................................. 70
Newspaper Articles; ...................................................................................................................... 70
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................. 71
APPENDIX I ................................................................................................................................ 71
APPENDIX II ............................................................................................................................... 76
APPENDIX III .............................................................................................................................. 77
Observation Guide (Checklist) ....................................................................................................... 77
APPENDIX IV .............................................................................................................................. 78
Proposed budget for proposal and report writing ............................................................................ 78
APPENDIX V ............................................................................................................................... 79
TIME FRAME FOR RESEARCH REPORT ................................................................................. 79
ABSTRACT The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995is the supreme law of the land and consequently no other law should be in contravention of the same. Chapter four of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995 pertains to protection and promotion of fundamental rights and freedoms. These rights are envisaged under Articles 20-50. Article 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995 provides a right to personal liberty which unfortunately is amongst the rights most violated by the Police. The Constitution under Article 59 establishes the Uganda National Human Rights Commission in which its mandate includes to promote the protection and observance of human rights in public and private institutions. Controversy then arises when the police as the government body entrusted with maintaining law and order but instead of carrying out its role, most of the police officers are involved in what would be otherwise be termed as police brutality and police torture thus violation of Human Rights. Due to this inhumane conduct of the police, most non-governmental organizations and human rights activists have come up to advocate for the rights of the victims of police brutality. Most of the people arrested by the police are detained without undue regard and many are those who are denied police bond as much as it's provided for by the Criminal Procedure Code Act Cap 116 that it should by automatic. The research also intended to cover the findings and recommendations on how to deal with the acts leading to violation of Human Rights giving priority in consideration to the law of the land, the doctrine of the rule of law and the ambits of ensuring the protection of Human Rights.